Autoethnographically Interrogating School-Based Anti-"Asian” Racism in Post(?)-Pandemic Times: An AsianCrit-Informed Composite Palimpsest

The ongoing racialized violence against "Asian” communities—that was simultaneously illuminated and amplified during COVID-19—is not a geographically isolated phenomenon. Vis-a-vis the Atlanta Massacre of 2021 and other senseless attacks on "Asian” Americans stemming from white supremacist fears of the Yellow Peril, "Asian” Australians have likewise been, and continue to be, victims of everyday old and new racisms rooted in Orientalist discourses and concomitant fears of the invading Other. As microcosms of society, schools are germane for the analysis, confrontation, and transformation of such racialized injustices and so, as a means of intervening in these everyday inequities, this paper weaves an AsianCrit-informed autoethnography with palimpsestuous composite narratives drawn from semi-structured interviews in a broader project with other migrant "Asian” Australian teachers to chronicle personal and professional race-making practices in the face of racism before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, while also rethinking and re-stor(y)ing a–way toward more hopeful, inclusive futures in schools. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Cultural Studies/Critical Methodologies is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Counter-Frames Against Anti-Asian Racism During the Corona Pandemic in Berlin – Coping With Exclusion, Creating Belonging and Organising Resistance

In 2020, anti-Asian racism re-emerged during the coronavirus pandemic in Germany and elsewhere, manifesting in media narratives, and evoking different forms of violence and exclusion, especially in public space. Racialisation as an everyday process creates "counter-frames” by racialised groups. They are constructed in relation to institutionalised interpellation as "the other.” Building on Feagin's concept of "white framing” and "counter-framing” and Löw's concept of space, this paper discusses the effects of racialisation, coping and anti-racist resistance strategies as developed by the Asian diaspora. Social change regarding racism will be analysed through Foroutan's concept of "postmigrant society.” We based this study on a convenience sample of people with Asian heritage which we conducted in 2020 in Germany. In addition, we included a diary study for which a subset has been sampled. We argue that the pandemic influenced the formation of counter-frames against anti-Asian racism in the specific context of Berlin. © The Author(s) 2023.

Housing and respiratory health: Exposures, health effects and interventions

Housing quality and affordability are well established as social determinants of health through direct and indirect mechanisms. Respiratory illnesses related to housing are nearly all the result of housing disrepair that allows intrusion into the home of environmental agents that are directly or indirectly associated with disease. Structural deficiencies such as leaks, cracks in the foundation or holes in the home's exterior can facilitate the presence of mould, which is causally linked to the development of asthma and is associated with exacerbation of asthma symptoms in children and adults. Indoor cleanliness can also contribute to the presence of mice and cockroaches. Proper ventilation can improve air quality, reducing exposure to PM, VOCs and infectious respiratory agents. Disparities in exposure to the housing conditions associated with respiratory disease are readily apparent across socioeconomic lines. Low-income families are less likely to be able to afford the costs of maintaining a home, which prevents them from making repairs that could improve respiratory health.Copyright © ERS 2023.

Qualitative methods in a learning healthcare system: Balancing rigour and the need for rapid analysis and dissemination

Qualitative methods are used to capture stakeholder perspectives within learning healthcare systems (LHS), but there is a need to specify methods that balance rigour and pragmatic approaches to inform quality improvement (QI). Utilizing examples from two QI projects within the OTNY LHS, we illustrate methods and strategies that build team capacity and flexibility to respond to an evolving LHS. Method(s): Qualitative methods were tailored to fit each project's timelines and goals, to inform both practice and research. Tools to facilitate rapid cycle feedback included interview/focus group summary templates, aggregate summaries that synthesize findings by stakeholder group, case matrix templates for rapid extraction and systematic categorization of data along topic areas, and dissemination materials adapted for stakeholder audience and project phases. Strategies to maintain rigour included processes for data reduction and interpretation, a multi-disciplinary approach for analysis, frequent consensus-based meetings, data triangulation, and member checks. Result(s): Rapid cycle approaches yielded interim results that reshaped research questions or identified critical gaps. Case summary analysis exploring the impact of COVID-19 revealed limited information on telehealth challenges amongst OTNY participants, necessitating a shift in recruitment and interview focus. For another project, analytic methods were sequenced to rapidly inventory suggestions from interview summaries on how to enhance OTNY practice to better address racism, while subsequent thematic analysis of transcripts captured participants' experiences of racism for context. Challenges included concurrent alignment of data collection and analysis, tailoring summary templates to maximize utility for rapid analysis, and maintaining flexibility to respond to evolving findings and LHS stakeholder input. Conclusion(s): The diverse methods and strategies illustrated by these projects offer guidance for balancing.

Economic Inequality during Covid-19 as a Pathway to Food Insecurity for People who are Disabled and Racialized as Non-White

Covid-19 heightened economic inequality across the U.S., especially for people who are disabled and non-white. These intersecting economic vulnerabilities open pathways to hunger. Using a survey from July 2020 (n = 2,043) in the Intermountain West, we find that economic inequality explained a substantial portion of food insecurity for people with disabilities. Racially stratified models show that people who were also non-white were more likely to be food insecure and receive differential protection from economic resources. Stronger social support will help mitigate food insecurity, yet such programs must grapple with the ways that ableism and racism intersect, especially during economic shock.Copyright © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Desdobramentos das desigualdades raciais na pandemia da Covid-19

O presente estudo tematiza o racismo na sociedade de classes e tem como objetivo analisar os desdobramentos das desigualdades raciais na pandemia da Covid-19. Logo, utilizou-se o método materialismo histórico-dialético e uma abordagem qualitativa. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além de um trabalho de mapeamento a partir dos dados secundários do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) de 2019;Atlas da violência de 2020, elaborado pelo Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA);e o Boletim especial 20 de novembro de 2021, do Departamento Intersindical de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos (DIEESE), para dialogar com a realidade dos afro-brasileiros em cenário pandêmico. Dos resultados do estudo, destacamos: que o racismo tem sido um eixo estruturante da sociedade brasileira mesmo numa fase pós-abolicionista;e que a questão racial tem sido uma das expressões da questão social na sociedade do capital, de tal modo que as desigualdades são conexas na contemporaneidade;e ainda, que a pandemia acentuou as desigualdades raciais no Brasil.Alternate :The present study thematizes racism in class society and aims to analyze the consequences of racial inequalities in the covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the Historical-Dialectical Materialism method and a qualitative approach were used. In this way, a bibliographic and documentary research was carried out, in addition to a mapping work based on secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) of 2019, Atlas of Violence of 2020 made by the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) and the Special Bulletin 20 November 2021 of the Inter-union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE) to dialogue with the reality of Afro-Brazilians in a pandemic scenario. From the results of the study, we highlight that racism has been a structuring axis of Brazilian society even in a post-abolitionist phase;that the Racial Question has been one of the expressions of the Social Question in the society of Capital, in such a way that inequalities are connected in contemporaneity;and, that the pandemic accentuated racial inequalities in Brazil.

Asian communities' well-being in Aotearoa during Covid-19: The mitigating role of sense of belonging in the relationship between racism and life satisfaction

INTRODUCTION: Anti-Asian racism was a feature of the social response to the Covid-19 pandemic, and its impact on the well-being of Asian communities warrants closer examination. The current study aimed to gauge whether the sense of belonging mitigated the adverse effects of racism on life satisfaction for self-identified Asian New Zealanders.METHODS: This analysis included 1341 responses to a cross-sectional online survey conducted in 2021. Descriptive analyses outline how components of a sense of belonging were distributed among participants and those who experienced racism during the Covid-19 pandemic. We used linear regression to examine the role of a sense of belonging as a potential pathway variable in the association between experiencing racism and life satisfaction.FINDINGS: In this survey, four out of 10 participants reported experiencing racism in the first 18 months of the pandemic. Participants' life satisfaction decreased slightly since January 2020 (p<0.001). Experiencing racism was associated with decreased life satisfaction. All the components of sense of belonging reduced the magnitude of this negative association between racism experience and life satisfaction, in particular, expressing one's own ethnic identity and belonging in Aotearoa.CONCLUSIONS: Given that anti-Asian racism is currently a feature of life and a significant stressor during the pandemic, this study provides empirical evidence of the protective role of a sense of belonging against anti-Asian racism. This study focused on Asian members in Aotearoa New Zealand, but its practical implications have the potential to support other minoritised ethnic communities who also experience racism during the pandemic and beyond.

Global representations of international students in a time of crisis: A qualitative analysis of Twitter data during COVID-19

International students have been historically valued by universities for their contributions to their host countries. Yet, representations of international students in the general public have become increasingly mixed, an issue likely exacerbated by COVID-19, which has shown increased hostility towards international students. Given the increased reports of discrimination during this period, there is ongoing need to understand how international students have been represented in this specific time of crisis. Our study analysed public representations of international students through Twitter data and qualitative analysis of 6,501 posts made during the immediate COVID-19 crisis (January-April 2020). Our findings confirm competing public representations of international students that changed over time: initially through stereotyping and depictions as assumed disease carriers, shifting to empathy and support after university campus closures. We also outline themes of racism and discrimination, which are of importance for the global higher education sector as we move into a post-COVID world.

After the Virus: Disaster Capitalism, Digital Inequity, and Transformative Education for the Future of Schooling

The 2020 COVID-19 disaster triggered an educational crisis in the United States, deeply exacerbating the inequities present in education as schools went online. This primary impact may not be the only one, however: literature describes a secondary impact of such disasters through "disaster capitalism," in which the private sector captures the public resources of disaster-struck communities for profit. In response to these warnings, we ask how schools, families, and communities can counteract disaster capitalism for educational equity. To address this question, we first synthesize a critical framework for analyzing digital inequity in education. We then dissect the strategies disaster capitalism uses to attack the school-family-community relationship and exacerbate digital inequity in "normal" times as well as during crises. Employing the notion of community funds of knowledge, we next examine the resources schools, families, and communities can mobilize against disaster capitalism and digital inequity. Finally, guided by the concepts of generative change and transformative learning, we consider actionable practices of countering disaster capitalism for a transformative education. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Education & Urban Society is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The pandemic within systemic injustice: Intersectional cultural dimensions of women's aging, health, and case stories of COVID-19

This book chapter delves into the intersectional cultural dimensions of COVID-19 and explores how pandemics expose and amplify past and current health inequities and disparities for minoritized women. In this chapter, the authors question how gender reflects and intersects with health determinants of oppressed and privileged identities to produce disparate health outcomes, affecting discourse, ideologies, and women's activity as they age. Additionally, issues of racism, classism, ageism, and other "isms" are examined to understand the challenges faced by aging women as they strive to stay healthy. The chapter concludes with case story narratives of women diagnosed with COVID-19, showing the virus' effect on marginalized women aging within a stratified society. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.

The "epidemic within the pandemic”: meeting the needs of racially minoritised women experiencing domestic abuse during the Covid-19 pandemic

PurposeIn March 2020, the UK entered its first lockdown responding to the Covid-19 pandemic. In the same month, the Domestic Abuse Bill had its first reading in Parliament. Charities and non-governmental organisations critiqued the Bill for failing to protect migrants from domestic abuse, and not complying with the Istanbul Convention. Drawing on interviews with staff from Southall Black Sisters, this paper aims to foreground the experiences of practitioners within the women's sector to explore the unique experiences and challenges migrant and racially minoritised women encountered when seeking support from domestic abuse during the Covid-19 pandemic. It highlights how the pandemic-related lockdowns created barriers to accessing support services and housing, creating an epidemic within the pandemic, and how minoritised women and the organisations that supported them had to overcome structural barriers and racism.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with staff from a leading women's organisation that supports migrant and racially minoritised women. Four participants were asked questions within four themes: domestic abuse before and during the pandemic;accessing support from and reporting domestic abuse;accessibility of resources;and post-pandemic challenges. A phenomenological approach was used to analyse the transcribed interviews.FindingsParticipants consistently highlighted the unique threats and barriers migrant and racially minoritised women faced when seeking support. Barriers included racism, language barriers, cultural constraints, the triple threat of destitution, detention, deportation, and political resistance to protect migrant women from destitution/homelessness.Originality/valueThis paper provides a unique insight into the experiences of staff members within a specialist by and for women's support organisation in England and their perspectives on the barriers racially minoritised and migrant women experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. It offers rare insights into how service users' needs changed during the lockdowns and how the pandemic affected their ability to operate.

The covid-19 pandemic: A double threat to Chinese americans' mental health

Objective: To explore the double psychosocial threats of the COVID-19 pandemic, targeted behavior toward Chinese Americans, and the correlates to their mental health. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive design was utilized by using a purposive convenience sample of 301 Chinese Americans over the age of 18 residing in the United States. Online data collection was conducted through the social media platform WeChat from April 8–21, 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for the participants' demographic characteristics, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Double Threat Situations, COVID-19 Racial Discrimination, and General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Stepwise logistic regression was conducted to verify predictors for anxiety levels by GAD-7. Results: In this sample (N = 301), 127 (42.19%) were male and 174 (57.81%) were female. The average age was 41.67 (SD = 5.89). Among MSPSS subscales, social support from family (MSPSS-Fam, 79.73%, n = 240) and social support from significant others (MSPSS-SO, 73.75%, n = 222) were high. 231 (76.74%) reported threats due to their Chinese ethnic background during the COVID-19 outbreak. Predictors for the high anxiety level by GAD-7 were COVID-19 racial discrimination from the local community (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.39–0.71, p < 0.001), media/online (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.26–0.53, p < 0.001), the perceived threat from the COVID-19 virus (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.23–0.51, p < 0.001) and Perceived racism threat from Chinese background related to COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.21–0.49, p < 0.001). Conclusions: COVID-19 double-threats (The virus and racial discrimination) situations are significantly related to the high level of anxiety among Chinese Americans. The sense of belonging and social perceptions of Chinese immigrants is closely related to public health problems in Western societies and needs to be addressed at all levels. Our findings call for the attention of healthcare workers to specific racism double-threatened situations and high mental health risks, as well as direct and indirect ethnic discrimination that Chinese Americans are experiencing during this pandemic, the long-term influences and effective coping ways related to this issue should be explored in further research. © 2023, Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 conspiracy rhetoric and other primal fantasies

Planet Lockdown, a documentary film, claims that the COVID-19 pandemic was manufactured by finance capitalists, Silicon Valley, and the pharmaceutical industry to microchip the population, consolidate global wealth, and enslave the population. Viral videos from the film have received tens of millions of engagements throughout social networks and media, constituting a major source of COVID-19 disinformation. This article argues that COVID-19 enslavement fantasies consummate white conservative fears of racial displacement, brought on by an impending demographic shift and greater visibility of antiracist activism throughout the early stages of the pandemic. I argue that Planet Lockdown's preoccupation with so-called "modern slavery" restages a national primal scene to resecure white power as perceptions of its dominance wanes: a fantasy of the origins of the liberal subject that omits that subject's relationship to slavery and anti-Blackness. By imagining slavery as a future threat to white selfhood rather than the structural organization of a society underwritten by anti-Blackness, COVID-19 conspiracy rhetoric facilitates a disavowal of the structural legacy of white supremacy. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Quarterly Journal of Speech is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Black women and girls: Racism and intersectional oppression

The duel systemic societal harms of the COVID-19 pandemic and violent racial injustice have reexposed centuries-long oppression and violence that affects Black people in the United States. These systemic harms, however, are not unilaterally distributed across racial lines, as Black women and girls endure intersectional oppression, including the unique amalgamation of racism and sexism. It is within these interlocking oppressions that sexual abuse flourishes. This chapter opens with critical visioning regarding how we understand inequality in social justice movements. It introduces scholarship on anti-Black racism, intersectional oppression, and Crenshaw's (1991) theories of intersectionality to frame the contextually oppressive experiences of Black women and girls. The chapter provides an application for examining intersectionality within the field of psychology. It details what such intersectional oppression can actually look like in the lives of Black women and girls. Finally, the chapter closes with summary bullet points of the main takeaway messages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Racism: the other pandemic

Billed as a review into ethnic disparities and covid-19, it devotes only a small proportion of its pages to ethnicity, and, while confirming what we knew—that people from ethnic minority groups are more likely to become infected and to die from covid-19—it makes no attempt to explain the disparities or make recommendations for action. Covid-19 has produced a "stress test” for structural racism in healthcare and public health, say Christine Douglass and colleagues (https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/06/08/structural-racism-in-society-and-the-covid-19-stress-test). The NHS's response in setting up a Race and Health Observatory is another (doi:10.1136/bmj.m2191).

TeleNGAGE: Enhancing Collaboration between Families and Schools

Findings in the literature strongly support the importance of family engagement in education. However, effective partnerships between families and schools are rare, especially in ethnically diverse communities where families may lack efficacy or face structural challenges for engagement. Additionally, educator perspectives toward engagement are often framed by White, middle-class paradigms. Educators often fail to acknowledge structural challenges faced by low-income families or the cultural contributions low-income and/or minoritized families can bring. To facilitate engagement between families and schools, a new ECHO® line, TeleNGAGE, was developed at Oklahoma State University, Educational Leadership program. ECHO®, traditionally used in the field of medicine, has utility for professional development for educators because it offers a platform for case-based learning where real problems are addressed in real-time. Additionally, didactic presentations provide professional development for collaborative learning. Through the lens of Communities of Practice (CoP), this qualitative case study explores how relationships between families and schools changed as a result of participation in TeleNGAGE. Tenets of CoP, negotiated meaning, mutual engagement, and a shared repertoire, support a collaborative approach to addressing complex problems. Findings suggest that a CoP has emerged through TeleNGAGE and has resulted in changes in perspectives across families and educational leaders about "what it means to be engaged," enhanced family efficacy for engagement, and changes in engagement practice as family voice has expanded through sharing of concerns/perspectives. These findings have important implications for equitable engagement in a convenient, cost-free environment where educators and families can communicate and develop mutually supportive understandings and practices.

Right Under Our Noses

Air quality and environmental justice To introduce how socioeconomic status affects the physical aspects of exposure to differing air-quality levels, students used an anthropological technique of comparison to "make the strange familiar and the familiar strange." Students analyzed a New York Times story revealing the air-quality inequities of two teens residing in India: "Who Gets to Breathe Clean Air in New Delhi?" For 25 minutes, students interact with the website and reflect on paper: * One new and interesting fact that they encountered in the article about air quality, * How they think the information might relate to air quality in the United States, and * What, if anything, they think we could do to help increase awareness about these types of environmental disparities. For the next 35 minutes, students search online for articles about air quality and environmental justice in the area near our school's location. The data from real-time air quality index reports are available on every cell phone, and students decided to record it on a calendar to chart in Excel.

The Whole Story: A Black Principal's Experience with Race, Racism, and Racial Trauma

Principal Harris, a new Black male principal at Merion High School, has found himself under fire for allegedly promoting critical race theory (CRT). He has received several forms of pushback as he navigates district and state mandates, racial trauma, invisible taxes, and microaggressions. Unfortunately, his best intentions are not good enough. This case is designed to display the various factors Black principals face in schools and districts amid ongoing public health crises (e.g., COVID-19 and racism). I describe the layered role of race, racism, and racial trauma on Principal Harris through his reflections and responses to stakeholders.

A Guided Inquiry Into America's White Hegemony, Yesterday's Terror and Today's Horror: a Journal for Readers, Students and Teachers of History

Teachers value students' close reading of and text-based writing about diverse texts while eliciting their awareness of the world, privilege, and power. Carefully selected literature coupled with primary sources can bridge the classroom and society. To engage modern students in America's racialized past and present, this article guides teachers to intertwine villains and heroes, real and imagined, past and present. During an intradisciplinary unit linking social studies/history and English/language arts, a twin-text approach enabled students to scrutinize two trade books and supplementary primary sources. Close reading and text-based writing strategies were coupled with an authentic assessment to spark students' creative expressions, critical thinking, and informed civic dialogue. Teaching America's horrid history with racism is provocative yet necessary as oft-overlooked voices reshape public memory and the COVID-19 pandemic redefines collective concerns.

Leadership in uncertain times

ContextThis work was carried out alongside the Association of Directors of Public Health (ADPHL) Steering Group on Supporting Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities during and beyond Covid – working with public health leaders in London, particularly local authority directors of public health and their teams.Issue/ChallengeDuring the first wave of the Covid pandemic, in 2020, there was renewed public and professional interest in ethnic inequalities in health, following the release of the Public Health England (PHE) reports, which highlighted the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19, particularly amongst Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities.At the same time, there was an increased social awareness of the impacts of racism and the Black Lives Matter movement, following the murder of George Floyd.There was a moment in time to speak out on the situation and that emboldened us to be heard in a way we haven't been heard before. Reflecting on our experience as black female public health leaders in the London public health landscape, the challenge was how we capture this and respond to this matter in a way that brings real change and maintains momentum.A particular piece of work was supporting the development of the ADPHL policy statement ‘Racism is a public health issue' and its related action plans.Traditionally, the medical/healthcare professions have been challenged in understanding and taking into account the impact of racism in health. There is an identified need for a different kind of health leadership during these uncertain times.-Although there is increased interest and discussion of racism and its impacts currently, we anticipate challenges with maintaining momentum, particularly at senior level, to embed lasting changeThere is limited research on the experiences of black leaders working in this context and how they are heard, involved or valuedAssessment of issue and analysis of its causesWe looked at examples of leadership on this subject matter at local, regional and national level, including an understanding, lived experiences and perception of discrimination, support at work and in health outcomes, health literacy and access, behaviour and attitudes, black and ethnic minority workforce experiences and morale.ImpactOur work has been recognised across London local authorities, wider health and care partners and national public health forums.We were awarded the Faculty of Public Health Sam Ramaiah Award.Our work has influenced partner organisations to develop actions plans or strategies around tackling structural racism (e.g. Greater London Authority).Our work has motivated fellow Directors and Consultants to have conversations on this uncomfortable subject matter, in a way they've never done before and consider how we maintain this momentum.It has also led to creating a safe space through a network of ‘Black' leaders, where we can reflect on our professional development in uncertain times.InterventionAs above, we wanted our voices to be heard in response to the challenges that were faced. During the process of developing the position statement and action plan, we considered our own positions as effective leaders in this space, how we continue to maintain momentum of this agenda, and influence other system leaders in tackling racism in public health.We invited speakers from other organisations to our working group to challenge us on these concepts as system leaders, and considered how we could bring the service users' voice to hold us to account, as well as provide their perspectives.We also organised and facilitated workshops with London local authority public health Directors and Consultants on this subject matter.Involvement of stakeholders, such as patients, carers or family members:There was no direct patient involvement, however we shared our lived experiences.Key MessagesReflecting on our experience as senior black healthcare leaders leading effective multicultural teams and addressing health inequalities we found that:There is change and changing language around racism and ealthCultural competency and cultural humility in leadership plays a crucial role and there are different views so we need to look at the different perspectives and actually understand what it meansAlthough leading whilst holding discomfort is universal there appears to be disproportionate burdenThe impact on perception, behaviour and morale from a workforce and patient/community perspectiveSupport and peer engagement does not always happenThe narrative can be deemed to be repetitive and nuances get missedLessons learntThere is interest in leading this wayHolding the ambiguity and discomfort is universal to leadership in this context and so as leaders of this agenda we need to ensure we do not respond to the pressure to react with immediacyWe learnt that we still need allies and we need timeMeasurement of improvementThis is ongoing and will be measured using qualitative approaches such as through the various dialogues across the public system, training and organisational development.Strategy for improvementWe will look at this as part of the workforce development, share at conferences and through the work with ADPH.